The advancing electrification of the power train demands increasingly stringent gearbox requirements. High rotational frequencies require robust gear teeth that have to run quietly because of the disappearance of the loud combustion engine. Furthermore, they have to have a high efficiency. These requirements can only be achieved by a higher quality of the gears. Especially the surface roughness is relevant, since it is responsible for the formation of lubricant film and also determines the tensile strength. In order to ensure a consistently high surface quality for all gears, a production measurement is necessary. Against this background, this thesis focuses on the buildup of expertise of surface measurement of gears for an automotive manufacturer. Firstly, the basics of gear production and surface measurement as well as roughness parameters, which are reasonable for the assessment of gears, are introduced. Subsequently, series of experiments are executed on a gear of a gearbox by using the introduced measuring methods. The experiments are evaluated by use of different roughness parameters and analysis methods. Based on these experiments, the practical appropriateness of the measuring methods for the production measurements is evaluated. It is the aim of this thesis to recommend a measuring method, which is reasonable for the production measurement of the gears in that company. In this context, a strategy is for measuring the surface roughness is required, that can be applied with the recommended method. In addition, parameters and analysis methods for the assessment of the surface roughness are to be developed.